The current study investigates the effects of divalent and trivalent Manganese (Mn2+/Mn3+) mixture inhalation on mice to create a novel animal model of Parkinson disease (PD), correlate those alterations with motor disturbances, and determine whether L-DOPA treatment improves the behavior to ensure that the alterations are of dopaminergic origin. For five months, CD-1 male mice inhaled a mixture of manganese chloride and manganese acetate for one hour twice a week. Animals were trained to perform prior to Mn exposure. Each week following the exposure, motor function tests were performed and the results were evaluated. At the end of the Mn exposure, 10 mice were given 7.5 mg/kg L-DOPA orally. After 5 months of Mn mixture inhalation, striatal dopamine content decreased by 71%, the SNc showed a significant reduction in the number of THimmunopositive neurons, mice developed akinesia, postural instability, and action tremor, which were all reversed by L-DOPA treatment. Our findings show that inhaling a Mn2+/Mn3+ mixture causes morphological, neurochemical, and behavioral changes similar to those seen in Parkinson’s disease, providing a useful experimental model for further research into this neurodegenerative disease.
Author(s) Details
José Luis Ordoñez-Librado
Neuromorphology Lab, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. Mex. 54090, Mexico.
Ana Luisa Gutierrez-Valdez
Neuromorphology Lab, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. Mex. 54090, Mexico.
Enrique Montiel-Flores
Neuromorphology Lab, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. Mex. 54090, Mexico.
Vianey Rodríguez-Lara
Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, Faculty of Medicine, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico.
Leonardo Reynoso-Erazo
Health Education Project, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. Mex. 54090, Mexico.
Rocío Tron-Alvarez
Health Education Project, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. Mex. 54090, Mexico.
Maria Rosa Avila-Costa
Neuromorphology Lab, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Av. de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. Mex. 54090, Mexico.
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