Ischemic stroke is characterised by ischemia-reperfusion damage, which happens when blood flow is restored after a period of ischemia. Thrombolysis with thrombolytic reagents such tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) or mechanical removal can be used to restore blood flow. Ischemia causes inflammation by causing the production of Nf-kb, adhesion molecules, and the upregulation of toll-like receptors, whereas reperfusion causes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the opening of the mitochondrial pore, inflammation, and apoptosis. Nrf2 has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects through boosting gene expression of anti-oxidant components. Furthermore, Nrf2 activators were discovered to suppress HMGB1-induced inflammation and ROS-induced brain injury, as well as to minimise p38 MAPK overexpression, which can lower NF-kB expression.
Author(s) Detalis
Najah R. Hadi
Faculty of Medicine University of Kufa, Iraq.
Saif M. Hassan
Pharmacology and therapeutics, Al Zahrawi University College, Iraq.
Mahmood J. Jawad
Pharmacology and therapeutics, Al Zahrawi University College, Iraq.
Wajdy Alawaida
Department of Biology and Biotechnology, American University of Madaba, Madaba, Jordan, P. O. Box: 2882 Amman 11821 Jordan.
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