The major goal of this research is to look at the heterochromatin (noncoding DNA sequences rich in CG bases) genomes of a primary triticale and its progenitors, wheat and rye, on the one hand, and to locate the nuclear organiser regions (NOR) and ribosomal genes on the other (5S and 45S). Results and Methodology: When the hybrids were compared to their ancestors, the C bands in their genomes showed a different pattern. The hybrid (Mahon-demiasxRC9) genome is less heterochromatic than the genitor D genome (Mahon-demias). In comparison to their homologous of the D genitor, the hybrid (Mahon-demias xRC9) genomes B and D demonstrate a richness in heterochromatin. Despite this, the R genome of the hybrid (Mahondemias xRC9) is nearly identical to that of its E genitor (RC9), with the exception of the 2BL / 7RS chromosome. The organising regions (NOR) designated on the chromosomes 1R, 2R, 3R, and 6R of rye and on the chromosome 1B of wheat in the genitors and hybrids and on the triticale chromosomes 1B, 1R, 2R, 3R, and 6R, revealed the same localisation as that stated by the authors. The 5S locus on chromosome 5R is co-localized with the 45S locus, according to molecular research. The 45S loci are found on the chromosomes 1R, 3R, 5R, and 7R. They are the organiser areas of the nucleoplasm (N.O.R). 5S loci are found on chromosomes 2A, 5B, and 7RS / 2BL in triticale. On chromosomes 1R, 3R, and 7RS, the 45S locus is found. 2BL. In contrast to the bibliography, chromosome 5R has two loci, 5S and 45S, co-located on the short arm’s telomer. This finding shows that the rye variety that functioned as the genitor gained rDNA during the selection process, which it then passes on to his successors in a stable manner. FISH confirms the 7RS / 2BL translocation indicated by C-banding. Conclusion and Implications: The findings show that intervarietal and interspecific polymorphisms exist in rye and triticale, as well as the presence of telocentric chromosomes B or isochromosomes with a heterochromatic and/or euchromatic structure. Finally, we create a molecular cytogenetic map of our vegetal material’s marker chromosomes and ribosomal genes (genitors and hybrid).
Author (s) Details
Dounia Hammouda
Laboratory of Biochemistry, Genetic and Vegetal Biotechnologies, University of Mentouri Constantine1. Faculty of Sciences. Ain El bay 25000, Constantine, Algeria.
Nadra Khalfallah
Laboratory of Biochemistry, Genetic and Vegetal Biotechnologies, University of Mentouri Constantine1. Faculty of Sciences. Ain El bay 25000, Constantine, Algeria.
Houda Badri Mohammed
National Research Center, Division of Genetics Engineering and Biotechnology. Department Genetics and Cytology, Cairo, Egypt.
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