Microcytic anemia Because anemia is a condition rather than a disease, an underlying cause must be determined when anemia is identified. Microcytic anemia is a common category of anemia. Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of microcytic anemia and is also the most common anemia. The clinical presentation of anemia varies according to […]

The Platelet Count and Mean Platelet Volume The Coulter Model S-Plus Counter provides a measure of the platelet count and the mean platelet volume (MPV). An analysis of 5000 unselected blood specimens showed an inverse relationship between the number of circulating platelets and their MPV. In nearly 95% of normal adults the platelet count varied […]

Adipose Tissue as an Endocrine Organ Adipose tissue is a complex, essential, and highly active metabolic and endocrine organ. Besides adipocytes, adipose tissue contains connective tissue matrix, nerve tissue, stromovascular cells, and immune cells. Together these components function as an integrated unit. Adipose tissue not only responds to afferent signals from traditional hormone systems and […]

Agriculture shapes family custom, societal interactions, and gender roles across India. Because more than 80% of women in rural India rely on agriculture for their living, the role and contribution of women is no longer a point of controversy. Agriculture is India’s most populous economic sector and plays a key part in the country’s overall […]

Spermatogenesis Spermatogenesis is a complex process involving mitotic cell division, meiosis and the process of spermiogenesis. The regulation of spermatogenesis involves both endocrine and paracrine mechanisms. The endocrine stimulation of spermatogenesis involves both follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone, the latter acting through the intermediary testosterone, produced by the Leydig cells in the testis. […]

Bacterial population genetics, evolution and epidemiology Asexual bacterial populations inevitably consist of an assemblage of distinct clonal lineages. However, bacterial populations are not entirely asexual since recombinational exchanges occur, mobilizing small genome segments among lineages and species. The relative contribution of recombination, as opposed to de novo mutation, in the generation of new bacterial genotypes […]

Dissecting the catalytic triad of a serine protease Serine proteases are present in virtually all organisms and function both inside and outside the cell1; they exist as two families, the ‘trypsin-like’ and the ‘subtilisin-like’, that have independently evolved a similar catalytic device2 characterized by the Ser, His, Asp triad, an oxyanion binding site, and possibly […]

Development of a PCR-based assay for rapid and reliable identification of pathogenic Fusaria Identification of Fusarium species has always been difficult due to confusing phenotypic classification systems. We have developed a fluorescent-based polymerase chain reaction assay that allows for rapid and reliable identification of five toxigenic and pathogenic Fusarium species. The species includes Fusarium avenaceum, […]

Due to its broad variety of biological activities, such as antibacterial and fungicidal activity, the synthesis of 7,-dimethyl-4-phenyl tetrahydroquinazalones- (1H, 3H)-2, 5-diones derivatives has received a lot of attention. The current investigation of an efficient and cost-effective method for the synthesis of 7,7-dimethyl-4-phenyl tetrahydroquinazalones-(1H,3H)-2,5-diones derivatives using dimedone, urea, and substituted aromatic aldehyde using Methanesulfonic acid […]

Using their absorption spectra as a probe, various parameters such as percent covalency (), the Slater-Condon (FK), the Nephelauxetic ratio (), bonding parameters (b1/2), and Lande orbit-spin coupling (4f) have been determined for the Nd(III)-L-histidine complex. The influence of the Zn(II) ion in the complexation was examined using a variety of solvents, including acetonitrile, DMF, […]