Water quality is a description of water’s chemical, physical, and biological properties in relation to its intended use(s) and a set of standards. Water quality has deteriorated as a result of pollution from both point and non-point sources. As a result, any specific source’s water quality can be investigated using physical, chemical, and/or microbiological parameters. […]
The purpose of this study was to produce liquid and dry whey protein concentrates from bovine and ovine cheese whey from small and medium cheese manufacturing plants (LWPC and WPC). Because of the flexibility provided by batch ultrafiltration (UF) and diafiltration (DF), liquid bovine WPC with protein contents ranging from 43 to 66 percent (dry […]
The internal structures of thin films prepared from a long chain polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) diblock copolymer with nanoholes and densely branched morphologies were studied. The thickness of the lamellar mesophase repeat unit and the orientation of the PEO crystalline chain stems within the thin film were determined using grazing-incidence small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS […]
It is presented a theoretical analysis of the stability of non-equilibrium chemical engineering processes. A unified approach is proposed for the development of mathematical models of systems that allow for the determination of the velocities at which the systems move to their thermodynamic equilibriums and their application to mathematical analysis of system velocities stability. Mathematical […]
Ion chromatography (IC) is an appropriate analytical method for determining anions. JIS includes analytical procedures for halogen compounds in flue gas for bromine, fluorine, chlorine (Cl2), and hydrogen chloride (HCl). JIS has not adopted IC, with the exception of HCl and Cl2. Because carbon dioxide in flue gas is absorbed as an absorber in a […]
Because of its environmental benefits and the fact that it is made from renewable resources such as vegetable oil and animal fats by reacting them with short chain alcohols, biodiesel has grown in popularity as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. The current study focuses on the optimization of water degummed Linseed biodiesel from the […]
Chitosan is thought to be an interesting raw material for membrane production because it has functional groups of –NH2 and –OH that are easily modified. The chitosan membrane has flaws such as low mechanical properties. To compensate for these flaws, silica is added during the chitosan membrane synthesis process to improve chitosan membrane stability. Plasticizer […]
Chemists have been drawn to heterocyclic systems containing benzothiazoles, carbazole (and azacarbazole) moieties because these nuclei have been identified in the literature as the most promising pharmacophores in drug design and synthesis. Based on these findings, it is reasonable to expect that incorporating the bioactive azepine and quinoline moiety into the molecular framework of benzothiazoles […]
When fluids adsorb in mesoporous material in contact with a vapour reservoir, the phenomenon of hysteresis occurs frequently. It piques my interest because it appears to contradict thermodynamics, which states that a system’s response to a set of boundary conditions is unique, regardless of the system’s history. It is, on the other hand, reproducible in […]
Despite the fact that hysteresis in fluid adsorption in porous material has been known for over a century, the thermodynamic treatment of this phenomenon is still unknown. We propose that we recognize that thermodynamics is not designed to deal with constrained systems and develop a new set of rules to explain their behavior. This suggestion […]
